Publication Categories

Regional Education Policy

According to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, regional education policy is “a set of decisions and actions that guide the development, implementation, and evaluation of education programs and services within a specific geographic region” [UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2019]. Regional education policy refers to policies that are specific to a […]


Did Sanctions Change Trade between Türkiye and Russia?

Bilateral relations between Türkiye and Russia have been one of the frequently discussed issues among experts. This is due to both political and economic reasons. Türkiye and Russia play an important role in the Middle East and are involved in the resolution of the Syrian crisis by coordinating their policies. […]


The Global South and Current Geopolitics

The current global geopolitical transformations have given new rise to narratives centered around the Global South. With the US struggling to maintain its position as the world’s superpower, China’s expanding economic and political power as well as Russia’s challenge to the current international order through its conflict in Ukraine have […]


Foreign Policy of the European Union: The Role of China

The foreign policy of the European Union (EU) has experienced substantial changes over the last few years. In 2021, the EU announced the launch of the Global Gateway, a new European strategy to boost smart, clean and secure links in digital, energy and transport sectors and to strengthen health, education […]


“Sustainable Energy Connectivity in Central Asia” in the context of the European Union’s Energy Cooperation with Central Asia

The countries of Central Asia (CA) are rich in diverse energy resources such as oil, natural gas and coal, as well as rich in untapped renewable sources such as solar, wind and hydropower. The region has a great energy potential that can be explored and used. Yet access to basic […]


The Ethnic Profile of Urbanization in Kazakhstan: The Intercensal Change between 2009 and 2021

According to the preliminary results of the census-2021, the population of Kazakhstan has reached 19.186.015 people. This is a 20% (3.2 million people) increase since the previous census of 2009, which is a significant change for a 12-year intercensal period. Besides the change in the total population size, the preliminary […]


Soft and Hard Skills in Demand

In the dynamic and complex job market of the modern world, both hard and soft skills have become increasingly important for individuals to succeed in their professional lives. Hard skills refer to the specific technical knowledge and abilities required for a particular job or industry that an individual acquires through […]


Approaches to Inclusive Education in Kazakhstan

In the 21st century, the contingent of the field of education is becoming more and more diverse, which is a challenge for higher education. The report on human development of the UN (2019), based on global research, states that serious barriers to access to education, academic success, and the well-being […]


University Towns in Kazakhstan: The case of Turkistan

The city of Turkistan has seen tremendous transformations over the past several years. From a small modest provincial city in southern Kazakhstan, it became a developing regional center home to over 200 thousand people. Over the past ten years, its population has increased by nearly 50%, which made it one […]


Central Asia’s Foreign Policy in 2022: Highlights

2022 has brought significant changes to world affairs. The Russian invasion of Ukraine shook the established order of world politics and became one of the most acute conflicts in Europe since World War II. The coalition of the so-called “collective West,” sanctions against Russia, the energy crisis in Europe, and […]