Zhuldyz Kanapiyanova

July 15, 2025

Iran’s Nuclear Program and Recent Developments

Iran’s nuclear program has long been a central issue in international relations, serving as a major source of tension between Iran and the West. It represents a protracted and unresolved process marked by a series of complex events and diplomatic challenges. Therefore, analyzing the current developments—particularly those of 2025—without addressing […]

May 13, 2025

Kazakhstan’s Energy Future: The Role and Importance of Nuclear Power Plants

Nuclear power plants (NPPs) are among the most important sources of electricity in the modern world, playing a crucial role in energy security and economic growth. These facilities are capable of generating large volumes of electricity with minimal carbon dioxide emissions, making them key contributors to both energy production and […]

April 13, 2025

COP29 Decisions and Central Asia: A Roadmap for Green Transformation

The 29th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP29) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) took place from November 11 to 22, 2024 in Azerbaijan. This decision was made during the plenary session of COP28, which took place in Dubai on December 11, 2023. The […]

March 9, 2024

Plan for Joint Implementation of the TAPI of the Gas Pipeline

Pakistan and Turkmenistan signed a joint plan to implement the project for the construction of the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) transnational gas pipeline on June 8, 2023. This decision is aimed at accelerating the completion of the feasibility study of the project and moving it towards the construction phase. The ceremony of […]

January 9, 2024

Outcomes of the 16th Summit of the Organization for Economic Cooperation

The 16th Summit of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) was held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, on 8-9 November 2023. The ECO Summit, hosted by President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, was attended by President of Türkiye Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, President of Iran Ibrahim Reisi, Interim Government Prime Minister of Pakistan Anwaar-ul Haq […]

November 6, 2023

Place and Importance of Kazakhstan in Central Asian Geopolitics

Geopolitics considers space from the point of view of the state. Geopolitics is a science that studies a complex of geographical, historical, political and other factors that interact with each other and have a great impact on the strategic potential of the state. Kazakhstan’s role and place in the modern […]

April 1, 2023

“Sustainable Energy Connectivity in Central Asia” in the context of the European Union’s Energy Cooperation with Central Asia

The countries of Central Asia (CA) are rich in diverse energy resources such as oil, natural gas and coal, as well as rich in untapped renewable sources such as solar, wind and hydropower. The region has a great energy potential that can be explored and used. Yet access to basic […]

January 16, 2023

The EU Energy Crisis: Savings Measures and Suggestions

Since February 25, 2022, when Russia’s attacks on Ukraine be-gan, Western countries, especially the European Union (EU), have implemented the ninth sanctions package against Russia. Each sanction package aimed to stop Russia’s attacks by targeting different sectors and individuals each time. But instead of back-ing down, Putin intensified the attack, […]

November 9, 2022

Iran Nuclear Deal Crisis: Demands and Reasons

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) was signed by Iran with five permanent members of the UN Security Council or P5 (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA), and Germany in 2015. It was about lifting sanctions on Iran in exchange for […]

July 30, 2022

India as a Country with Increasing Energy Demand

According to the latest developments, GAIL, India’s largest gas supplier, announced that it is open to buy Russian oil and gas assets avoided by Western companies after Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine. While European countries and the United States of America (USA) have imposed heavy sanctions on Russia since Moscow sent […]