Publication Categories

Understanding Trade in Services

Services have been an increasingly important sector, which currently dominates many economies. Changes in demand, structural transformation, development of technologies, and changing patterns of trade can explain the rise of services. According to the World Bank (2023) data, global value-added services increased from $20 trillion in 1995 to almost $62 […]


United Nations Report on Ageing World 2023

On January 9th, 2023, a World Social Report titled “Leaving No One Behind In An Ageing World” was published by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (UNDESA). The report is an extensive 161 pages long document that explores the issues of ageing, its economic, […]


Expanding Brics and G20: New Features of the Multipolar World?

The outcomes of the last annual BRICS summit in Johannesburg and the G20 summit in New Delhi sparked extensive debates on the world’s apparent shift towards multipolarity due to their enlargement. The transformation from the BRICS to the BRICS+ and the inclusion of the African Union in the G20 indeed […]


The Flip Side of Urbanization: Challenges of the Urban Climate in Cities of Kazakhstan

In light of the prevailing urbanization trends observed not only in Kazakhstan but most parts of the world, it becomes increasingly important to prioritize the study and incorporation of urban climate considerations within regional policies and urban planning strategies. The primary focus of urban climate assessment lies in its ability […]


Place and Importance of Kazakhstan in Central Asian Geopolitics

Geopolitics considers space from the point of view of the state. Geopolitics is a science that studies a complex of geographical, historical, political and other factors that interact with each other and have a great impact on the strategic potential of the state. Kazakhstan’s role and place in the modern […]


People as a Power: India’s Demographic Challenges

According to the projections of the UN, India officially surpassed China as the most populous country in the world. By reaching 1.425.775.850 people in 2023, India broke a historical milestone in its development [UN, 2022; Ellis-Petersen, 2023]. For India, the status of the most populous country in the world brings […]


Suburbanization in Kazakhstan: Patterns Of Spatial Reorganization of Kazakhstan’s Major Cities

Suburbanization has become one of the dominant trends in spatial demographics in many parts of the world over the past several decades. As the name suggests, “suburbanization” refers to the rapid growth of suburban areas around major cities due to the spread of residential communities beyond the urban boundaries. This […]


Microsoft Education Programs

Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology company founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in 1975. Since then, it has become one of the largest and most influential technology companies in the world, known for its software products, including the Windows operating system, the Microsoft Office suite, and various […]


Central Asia in China’s Foreign Policy: Xi’an Summit

On May 18–19, 2023, Xi’an city in China’s northwest Shaanxi Province hosted the inaugural China–Central Asia Summit. Chaired by Chinese President Xi Jinping, the summit was joined by the President of Kazakhstan, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, Sadyr Japarov, Tajikistan President Emomali Rahmon, Turkmenistan President Serdar Berdimuhamedov, […]


Türkiye’s Economic Diplomacy in Central Asia

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is one of the most controversial issues in Central Asia. The protracted military conflict has led to intense debate about the economic and political future of Central Asia. Experts and society are actively discussing the future of Eurasian integration, the strategic initiatives promoted by China, as […]